反汇编
Navigation
Move within the Disassembly using arrow keys or hjkl. Use g to seek directly to a flag or an offset, type it when requested by the prompt: [offset]>. Follow a jump or a call using the number of your keyboard [0-9] and the number on the right in disassembly to follow a call or a jump. In this example typing 1 on the keyboard would follow the call to sym.imp.__libc_start_main and therefore, seek at the offset of this symbol.
Seek back to the previous location using u, U will allow you to redo the seek.
d as define
d as defined can be used to change the type of data of the current block, several basic types/structures are available as well as more advanced one using pf template:
To improve code readability you can change how radare2 presents numerical values in disassembly, by default most of disassembly display numerical value as hexadecimal. Sometimes you would like to view it as a decimal, binary or even custom defined constant. To change value format you can use d following by i then choose what base to work in, this is the equivalent to ahi:
Usage of the Cursor for Inserting/Patching...
Remember that, to be able to actually edit files loaded in radare2, you have to start it with the -w option. Otherwise a file is opened in read-only mode.
Pressing lowercase c toggles the cursor mode. When this mode is active, the currently selected byte (or byte range) is highlighted.
The cursor is used to select a range of bytes or simply to point to a byte. You can use the cursor to create a named flag at specifc location. To do so, seek to the required position, then press f and enter a name for a flag. If the file was opened in write mode using the -w flag or the o+ command, you can also use the cursor to overwrite a selected range with new values. To do so, select a range of bytes (with HJKL and SHIFT key pressed), then press i and enter the hexpair values for the new data. The data will be repeated as needed to fill the range selected. For example:
The 10 bytes you have selected will be changed to "12 34 12 34 12 ...".
The Visual Assembler is a feature that provides a live-preview while you type in new instructions to patch into the disassembly. To use it, seek or place the cursor at the wanted location and hit the 'A' key. To provide multiple instructions, separate them with semicolons, ;.
XREF
When radare2 has discovered a XREF during the analysis, it will show you the information in the Visual Disassembly using XREF tag:
To see where this string is called, press x, if you want to jump to the location where the data is used then press the corresponding number [0-9] on your keyboard. (This functionality is similar to axt)
X corresponds to the reverse operation aka axf.
Function Argument display
To enable this view use this config var e dbg.funcarg = true
Add a comment
To add a comment press ;.
Type other commands
Quickly type commands using :.
Search
/: allows highlighting of strings in the current display. :cmd allows you to use one of the "/?" commands that perform more specialized searches.
The HUDS
The "UserFriendly HUD"
The "UserFriendly HUD" can be accessed using the ?? key-combination. This HUD acts as an interactive Cheat Sheet that one can use to more easily find and execute commands. This HUD is particularly useful for new-comers. For experienced users, the other HUDS which are more activity-specific may be more useful.
The "flag/comment/functions/.. HUD"
This HUD can be displayed using the _ key, it shows a list of all the flags defined and lets you jump to them. Using the keyboard you can quickly filter the list down to a flag that contains a specific pattern.
Hud input mode can be closed using ^C. It will also exit when backspace is pressed when the user input string is empty.
Tweaking the Disassembly
The disassembly's look-and-feel is controlled using the "asm.* configuration keys, which can be changed using the e command. All configuration keys can also be edited through the Visual Configuration Editor.
Visual Configuration Editor
This HUD can be accessed using the e key in visual mode. The editor allows you to easily examine and change radare2's configuration. For example, if you want to change something about the disassembly display, select asm from the list, navigate to the item you wish to modify it, then select it by hitting Enter. If the item is a boolean variable, it will toggle, otherwise you will be prompted to provide a new value.
Example switch to pseudo disassembly:
Following are some example of eval variable related to disassembly.
Examples
asm.arch: Change Architecture && asm.bits: Word size in bits at assembler
You can view the list of all arch using e asm.arch=?
This latest operation can also be done using & in Visual mode.
asm.pseudo: Enable pseudo syntax
asm.syntax: Select assembly syntax (intel, att, masm...)
asm.describe: Show opcode description
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